Mashin ɗin zaren yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman aikace-aikacen cibiyoyin injin CNC.Ingantattun injina da ingancin zaren za su yi tasiri kai tsaye akan ingancin kayan aikin sassa da kuma samar da ingantaccen cibiyoyi.
Tare da ingantuwar ayyukan cibiyoyi na injinan cnc da inganta kayan aikin yankan, hanyar zaren kuma a koyaushe yana inganta, daidaito da ingancin zaren suma suna inganta sannu a hankali.Domin ba wa masu fasaha damar zabar hanyoyin zaren a hankali a cikin sarrafawa, haɓaka haɓakar samarwa da guje wa haɗari masu inganci, hanyoyin zaren da yawa waɗanda aka saba amfani da su a cibiyoyin injin CNC a aikace an taƙaita su kamar haka:
1. Hanyar sarrafa famfo
1.1 Rarrabewa da halayen sarrafa famfo
Amfani da famfo don sarrafa ramukan zaren shine mafi yawan hanyar sarrafawa.Ya fi dacewa da ramukan zaren tare da ƙananan diamita (D <30) da ƙananan buƙatun daidaiton matsayi.
A cikin 1980s, an karɓi hanyoyin taɓo mai sassauƙa don ramukan zaren, wato, ana amfani da ƙulle mai sassauƙa don riƙe fam ɗin, kuma ana iya amfani da chuck ɗin don diyya axial don rama abincin da abinci asynchronous na injin ya haifar. kayan aiki da saurin jujjuyawa na sandal.Ba da kuskure don tabbatar da madaidaicin farar.Ƙaƙwalwar tapping mai sassauƙa yana da tsari mai rikitarwa, farashi mai yawa, lalacewa mai sauƙi da ƙarancin sarrafawa.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ayyukan cibiyoyi na CNC sun inganta sannu a hankali, kuma aiki mai tsauri ya zama babban tsari na cibiyoyin injin CNC.
Don haka, taurin kai ya zama babbar hanyar zaren zaren a halin yanzu.
Wato ana manne fam ɗin da ƙwanƙwasa ƙwanƙwasa, kuma kayan aikin injin ne ke sarrafa abincin sandar da gudu.
Idan aka kwatanta da chuck tapping mai sassauƙa, kollet ɗin bazara yana da tsari mai sauƙi, ƙarancin farashi, da fa'idar amfani.Bugu da ƙari, riƙe famfo, kuma yana iya ɗaukar kayan aiki irin su masana'anta na ƙarewa da rawar jiki, wanda zai iya rage farashin kayan aiki.A lokaci guda kuma, ana iya amfani da matsi mai tsauri don yankewa mai sauri, wanda ya inganta ingantaccen cibiyar sarrafa kayan aiki kuma yana rage farashin masana'anta.
1.2 Ƙaddamar da ramin ƙasa mai zaren kafin bugawa
Gudanar da rami na kasa na zaren yana da matukar tasiri ga rayuwar famfo da ingancin sarrafa zaren.Yawancin lokaci, ana zaɓar diamita na rawar ƙasa mai zaren ramin rami kusa da iyakar girman juriya na ramin rami na kasa mai jurewa,
Misali, diamita na kasa na rami mai zaren M8 shine Ф6.7 + 0.27mm, kuma diamita na rawar rawar shine Ф6.9mm.Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya rage izinin injin ɗin famfo, za a iya rage nauyin fam ɗin, kuma za a iya inganta rayuwar sabis na famfo.
1.3 Zaɓin famfo
Lokacin zabar famfo, da farko, dole ne a zaɓi fam ɗin da ya dace daidai da kayan da za a sarrafa.Kamfanin kayan aiki yana samar da nau'ikan famfo daban-daban bisa ga kayan aiki daban-daban da za a sarrafa, kuma ya kamata a ba da kulawa ta musamman ga zaɓin.
Domin famfo yana da matukar damuwa da kayan da za a sarrafa idan aka kwatanta da masu yankan niƙa da kayan aikin ban sha'awa.Misali, yin amfani da famfo don sarrafa ƙarfen simintin ƙarfe don sarrafa sassan aluminum yana da sauƙi don haifar da asarar zare, bazuwar buckles ko ma fashewar famfo, yana haifar da guntuwar kayan aiki.Na biyu, ya kamata a mai da hankali ga bambanci tsakanin famfo ta ramuka da bututun makafi.Jagoran gaba-gaba na famfun ramuka ya fi tsayi, kuma cire guntu shine cire guntu na gaba.Ƙarshen gaba na jagorar ramin makafi gajere ne, kuma ƙaurawar guntu ita ce ƙaurawar guntu ta baya.Ana sarrafa ramukan makafi tare da famfo ta ramuka, kuma zurfin zaren ba zai yuwu ba.Bugu da ƙari kuma, idan ana amfani da ƙwanƙwasa mai sassauƙa, ya kamata kuma a lura cewa diamita na shank ɗin famfo da faɗin murabba'in ya kamata su kasance daidai da na ƙugiya;diamita na shank ɗin famfo don matsananciyar matsawa ya kamata ya zama daidai da diamita na jaket na bazara.A takaice, zaɓi mai ma'ana na famfo kawai zai iya tabbatar da ingantaccen ci gaba na sarrafawa.
1.4 NC shirye-shirye na famfo machining
Shirye-shiryen aikin injin famfo yana da sauƙi.Yanzu cibiyar injina gabaɗaya tana ƙarfafa ƙwanƙwasa subroutine, kawai sanya kowane ƙimar sigina.Duk da haka, ya kamata a lura cewa tsarin kula da lambobi daban-daban suna da nau'o'in shirye-shirye daban-daban, kuma ma'anar wasu sigogi sun bambanta.
Misali, tsarin sarrafa SIEMEN840C, tsarinsa na shirye-shirye shine: G84 X_Y_R2_ R3_R4_R5_R6_R7_R8_R9_R10_R13_.Kuna buƙatar sanya waɗannan sigogi guda 12 kawai lokacin da kuke tsarawa.
2. Hanyar niƙa zare
2.1 Fasalolin niƙa zaren
Niƙa zaren shine a yi amfani da kayan aikin niƙa zaren, haɗin kai mai axis uku na cibiyar injin, wato, X, Y axis interpolation, da hanyar ciyar da layin layin Z don sarrafa zaren.
Ana amfani da niƙan zare musamman don sarrafa manyan zaren ramuka da ramukan zaren kayan aiki masu wahala.Ya fi dacewa yana da halaye masu zuwa:
(1) Gudun sarrafawa yana da sauri, inganci yana da girma, kuma daidaitaccen aiki yana da girma.Kayan kayan aiki gabaɗaya siminti na carbide abu ne, kuma saurin yankan yana da sauri.An kera kayan aiki tare da madaidaicin madaidaici, don haka madaidaicin niƙan zaren yana da girma.
(2) Kayan aikin niƙa suna da aikace-aikace da yawa.Muddin filin ya kasance iri ɗaya, ko da kuwa zaren hagu ne ko zaren dama, ana iya amfani da kayan aiki guda ɗaya, wanda ke da fa'ida don rage farashin kayan aiki.
(3) Milling yana da sauƙi don cire kwakwalwan kwamfuta da kwantar da hankali.Idan aka kwatanta da famfo, yanayin yanke ya fi kyau.Ya dace musamman don sarrafa zaren kayan aiki masu wuyar injin kamar aluminum, jan karfe, da bakin karfe.
Ya dace musamman don zaren manyan sassa da sassa na abubuwa masu daraja, wanda zai iya tabbatar da ingancin zaren da amincin aikin aikin.
⑷ Domin babu jagorar gaba na kayan aiki, ya dace da sarrafa ramukan makafi tare da gajerun ramukan ƙasa masu zare da ramuka ba tare da yankewa ba.
2.2 Rarraba kayan aikin niƙa zaren
Za a iya raba kayan aikin niƙa mai zare zuwa nau'i biyu, ɗayan na'ura ce mai ƙulle-ƙulle ta carbide abun yankan niƙa, ɗayan kuma na'urar yankan niƙa ce ta gama gari.Kayan aikin da aka ƙulla na'ura yana da nau'i mai yawa na aikace-aikace, kuma yana iya yin injin ramuka tare da zurfin zaren ƙasa da tsawon lokacin da aka saka, ko ramuka tare da zurfin zaren da ya fi tsayin abin da aka saka.Ana amfani da maƙeran milling carbide mai ƙarfi don injin ramuka tare da zurfin zaren ƙasa da tsawon kayan aiki.
2.3 NC shirye-shirye don zaren niƙa
Shirye-shiryen kayan aikin niƙa zaren ya bambanta da shirye-shiryen sauran kayan aikin.Idan shirin sarrafawa ba daidai ba ne, yana da sauƙi don haifar da lalacewar kayan aiki ko kurakurai sarrafa zaren.Lokacin tattarawa, kula da waɗannan abubuwan:
⑴ Da farko, ya kamata a sarrafa ramin ƙasa mai zaren da kyau, ƙananan ramin diamita ya kamata a sarrafa shi da rawar jiki, kuma mafi girma ya kamata a sarrafa shi ta hanyar gundura don tabbatar da daidaiton ramin da aka zana.
(2) Lokacin yankan ciki da waje, kayan aiki yakamata suyi amfani da hanyar madauwari madauwari, yawanci 1/2 da'irar don yanke ciki ko waje, kuma a lokaci guda, jagorar axis Z yakamata yayi tafiya 1/2 farar don tabbatar da siffar. na zaren.Ya kamata a kawo darajar radiyon kayan aiki a wannan lokacin.
⑶ X, Y axis arc interpolation na zagayowar guda ɗaya, sandal ɗin ya kamata ya yi tafiya ta fiti ɗaya ta hanyar axis Z, in ba haka ba, zaren za a murƙushe shi ba da gangan ba.
⑷ Musamman shirin misali: diamita na zaren niƙa abun yanka shine Φ16, ramin zaren shine M48 × 1.5, kuma zurfin rami mai zaren shine 14.
Hanyar sarrafa ita ce kamar haka:
(An cire hanyar da za a yi don rami na kasa, rami ya zama rami mai ban sha'awa)
0 G90 G54 X0 Y0
G0 Z10 M3 S1400 M8
G0 Z-14.75 Ciyar da mafi zurfin ɓangaren zaren
G01 G41 X-16 Y0 F2000 Matsar zuwa wurin ciyarwa kuma ƙara diyya radius
G03 X24 Y0 Z-14 I20 J0 F500 Yi amfani da baka 1/2 don yanke ciki
G03 X24 Y0 Z0 I-24 J0 F400 Yanke zaren duka
G03 X-16 Y0 Z0.75 I-20 J0 F500 Lokacin yanke, yi amfani da baka 1/2 don yanke G01 G40 X0 Y0 Komawa tsakiya, soke diyya na radius
G0 Z100
M30
3. Hanyar karba-da-saukar
3.1 Halayen hanyar karba-da-button
Wani lokaci ana iya cin karo da manyan ramuka masu zare akan sassan akwatin.Idan babu famfo da masu yankan zaren niƙa, ana iya amfani da wata hanya mai kama da zaren tsinke.
Shigar da kayan aikin juya zaren akan mashaya mai ban sha'awa don zaren m.
Kamfanin ya sarrafa nau'i na sassa, zaren shine M52x1.5, kuma matsayi shine 0.1mm (duba hoto 1).Saboda manyan buƙatun matsayi da babban rami mai zare, ba shi yiwuwa a yi amfani da famfo don sarrafawa, kuma babu mai yankan zaren niƙa.Bayan gwaji , yin amfani da hanyar karba da ƙulla don tabbatar da buƙatun sarrafawa.
3.2 Hattara don hanyar karba-da-saukar
⑴ Bayan sandal ya fara, yakamata a sami lokacin jinkiri don tabbatar da cewa sandar ta kai ga saurin da aka ƙididdige shi.
(2) Lokacin da ake janye kayan aiki, idan kayan aikin zaren hannu ne, tun da kayan aikin ba za a iya kaifi daidai ba, ba za a iya amfani da kayan aikin baya don ja da baya ba.Dole ne a yi amfani da madaidaicin sandar, kayan aikin yana motsawa a radially, sa'an nan kuma an janye kayan aikin.
⑶ Ƙirƙirar arbor dole ne ya zama daidai, musamman ma matsayi na kerf dole ne ya kasance daidai.Idan ba su da daidaituwa, ba za a iya amfani da sarrafa mashaya kayan aiki da yawa ba.In ba haka ba, zai haifar da rudani.
⑷ Koda sirara ce, to kada a tsince ta da wuka daya lokacin da za a tsince ta, idan ba haka ba zai haifar da zubewar hakori da rashin kyawon saman.Ya kamata a raba aƙalla yanke biyu.
⑸ Ƙarfin sarrafawa yana da ƙasa, kuma ya dace kawai don ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan yanki guda ɗaya, zaren firam na musamman kuma babu kayan aiki masu dacewa.
3.3 Tsare-tsare na musamman
N5 G90 G54 G0 X0 Y0
N10 Z15
N15 S100 M3 M8
N20 G04 X5 jinkiri, sanya sandal ɗin ya kai ga saurin ƙima
N25 G33 Z-50 K1.5 maɓallin zaɓi
N30 M19 Spindle orientation
N35 G0 X-2 bari wuka
N40 G0 Z15 Retract kayan aiki
4. Takaitawa
A taƙaice, hanyoyin sarrafa zaren a cibiyoyin sarrafa cnc sun haɗa da sarrafa famfo, sarrafa niƙa da hanyar tsinke.Sarrafa famfo da sarrafa niƙa sune manyan hanyoyin sarrafawa, kuma hanyar tsince hanya ce kawai ta gaggawa ta wucin gadi.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-13-2022