11. Mene ne nika dabaran daidaici miya fasahar a high-gudun nika?
Amsa: A halin yanzu, mafi balagagge fasahar miya ta hannu sune:
(1) Fasahar suturar lantarki ta yanar gizo ta ELID;
(2) EDM niƙa dabaran miya fasaha;
(3) Kofin nika dabaran miya fasaha;
(4) Fasahar siffa-masana-kanikanci mai haɗaka da lantarki
12. Menene ainihin niƙa?Ka yi kokarin a taƙaice bayyana zabin manufa na nika dabaran a daidai nika talakawa nika dabaran.
Amsa: Daidaitaccen nika yana nufin zabar dabaran niƙa mai kyau akan injin niƙa daidai, kuma ta hanyar yin ado da dabaran niƙa da kyau, ƙwayar abrasive tana da ƙananan gefuna da kaddarorin kwakwalwa.Alamar niƙa suna da kyau sosai, ragowar tsayin ƙanƙara ne, kuma an ƙara tasirin matakin niƙa maras ban sha'awa, da hanyar niƙa saman tare da daidaiton machining na 1 zuwa 0.1 mm da ƙarancin ƙasa Ra na 0.2 zuwa 0.025. mm yana samuwa.
Selection manufa na nika dabaran a daidai nika talakawa nika dabaran:
(1) Abrasive na nika dabaran da aka yi amfani da shi a daidaitaccen niƙa ya dogara ne akan ka'idar kasancewa mai sauƙi don samarwa da kuma kula da ƙananan ƙananan baki da kwane-kwane.
(2) Girman barbashi dabaran?Idan aka yi la'akari da abubuwan lissafi kadai, mafi girman girman ƙwanƙwasa dabaran, ƙaramin ƙimar ƙimar niƙa.Duk da haka, a lokacin da barbashi abrasive ya yi kyau sosai, ba kawai za a toshe dabaran niƙa ta hanyar niƙa tarkace ba, amma idan yanayin zafin jiki ba shi da kyau, zai haifar da konewa da sauran abubuwan mamaki a saman na'urar, wanda zai kara damun saman. daraja..
(3) Daure mai niƙa?Abubuwan daurin ƙafar niƙa sun haɗa da resins, karafa, yumbu, da sauransu, kuma ana amfani da resins sosai.Don ƙafafun niƙa maras kyau, ana iya amfani da haɗin vitrified.Ƙarfe da yumbu wani muhimmin al'amari ne na bincike a fagen niƙa madaidaici.
13. Menene halayen madaidaicin niƙa tare da ƙafafun niƙa na musamman?Yadda za a zabi adadin nika?
Amsa: Babban halaye na superabrasive nika dabaran nika sune:
(1) Ana iya amfani da shi don sarrafa daban-daban high taurin da high brittleness karfe da wadanda ba karfe kayan.
(2) Ƙarfin niƙa mai ƙarfi, juriya mai kyau, tsayin daka mai ƙarfi, na iya kula da aikin niƙa na dogon lokaci, ƙarancin miya, sauƙin kula da girman ƙwayar cuta;mai sauƙin sarrafa girman sarrafawa da gane sarrafa sarrafa kansa.
(3) Ƙarfin niƙa yana da ƙananan kuma zafin jiki na nika ya ragu, don haka za a iya rage yawan damuwa na ciki, babu lahani kamar konewa da fashewa, kuma ingancin saman da aka yi amfani da shi yana da kyau.Lokacin da dabaran niƙa lu'u-lu'u yana niƙa siminti carbide, ƙarfin niƙansa shine kawai 1/4 zuwa 1/5 na koren silicon carbide.
(4) High nika yadda ya dace.A lokacin da machining wuya gami da wadanda ba karfe wuya da gaggautsa kayan, da karfe cire kudi na lu'u-lu'u nika ƙafafun ya fi na cubic boron nitride ƙafafun nika;amma a lokacin da machining zafi-resistant karfe, titanium alloys, mutu karfe da sauran kayan, cubic boron nitride nika ƙafafun sun fi girma a kan lu'u-lu'u dabaran nika.
(5) Farashin sarrafawa yayi ƙasa.Dabarar niƙa na lu'u-lu'u da dabaran niƙa mai siffar sukari boron nitride sun fi tsada, amma suna da tsawon rayuwar sabis da ingantaccen sarrafa aiki, don haka gabaɗaya farashin ba shi da yawa.
Superabrasive niƙa dabaran nika zaɓi na sashi:
(1) Gudun niƙa Gudun niƙa na ƙafafun lu'u-lu'u maras ƙarfe ba tare da ƙarfe ba shine gabaɗaya 12 ~ 30m/s.Gudun niƙa na dabaran niƙa mai siffar cubic boron nitride na iya zama mafi girma fiye da na lu'u-lu'u na niƙa, kuma zaɓin 45-60m/s ya samo asali ne saboda ingantaccen yanayin zafi na boron nitride abrasive.
(2) A nika zurfin ne kullum 0.001 to 0.01 mm, wanda za a iya zaba bisa ga nika hanya, abrasive barbashi size, dauri da kuma sanyaya yanayi.
(3) The workpiece gudun ne kullum 10-20m/min.
(4) Gudun ciyarwa mai tsayi?Gabaɗaya 0.45 ~ 1.5m/min.
14. Mene ne matsananci-daidaici nika?Yi ƙoƙarin yin taƙaitaccen bayanin tsarinsa, halayensa da aikace-aikacensa.
Amsa: Niƙa mai madaidaici yana nufin hanyar niƙa dabaran niƙa tare da daidaiton injin ɗin da bai wuce 0.1mm ba da ƙarancin ƙasa da Ra0.025mm., Iron kayan, tukwane, gilashin da sauran wuya da gaggautsa kayan sarrafa.
Na'urar niƙa mai girman gaske:
(1) Za a iya ɗaukar barbashi masu ɓarna a matsayin jiki mai na roba tare da goyan bayan roba da babban gefen yanke rake mara kyau.Taimakon na roba shine wakili mai ɗaure.Ko da yake ɓangarorin abrasive suna da tauri mai yawa kuma nakasar nasu ƙanƙanta ce, a zahiri har yanzu elastomer ne.
(2) Zurfin zurfin yankan yankan hatsi a hankali yana ƙaruwa daga sifili, sannan a hankali yana raguwa zuwa sifili bayan ya kai matsakaicin ƙimar.
(3) Dukan tsarin tuntuɓar tsakanin hatsi mai abrasive da workpiece yana biye da yanki na roba, yankin filastik, yanki na yankan, yankin filastik da yanki na roba.
(4) A cikin madaidaicin madaidaicin niƙa, aikin yankan micro, kwararar filastik, aikin lalata na roba da aikin zamewa suna bayyana a jere bisa ga canjin yanayin yanke.Lokacin da ruwa ya kasance mai kaifi kuma yana da wani zurfin nika, tasirin micro-yanke yana da ƙarfi;idan ruwan ba shi da kaifi sosai, ko kuma zurfin niƙa ya yi zurfi sosai, kwararar filastik, lalacewar roba da zamewa za su faru.
Siffofin Ultra Precision nika:
(1) Ultra-daidaici nika shiri ne na tsari.
(2) Superabrasive nika dabaran ne babban kayan aiki ga matsananci-daidaici nika.
(3) matsananci-daidaici nika wani irin matsananci-micro yankan tsari.
Aikace-aikace na ultra-daidaici niƙa:
(1) Nika kayan karafa irinsu karfe da alawansa, musamman taurin karfe wanda aka yi maganin kashewa.
(2) Kaya masu tauri da karɓaɓɓu waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don niƙa waɗanda ba ƙarfe ba?Misali, yumbu, gilashi, ma'adini, kayan semiconductor, kayan dutse, da sauransu.
(3) A halin yanzu, akwai yafi cylindrical grinders, surface grinders, ciki grinders, daidaita grinders da sauran matsananci-daidaici grinders, wanda ake amfani da matsananci-daidaici nika na waje da'irori, jirage, ramuka da rami tsarin.
(4) matsananci-daidaici nika da matsananci-daidaici free abrasive aiki dace juna.
15. A taƙaice kwatanta ƙa'idodi da halaye na niƙan madubi na ELID.
Amsa: Ka'idar ELID madubi nika: A lokacin aikin nika, electrolytic nika ruwa yana zuba a tsakanin dabaran nika da kayan aiki lantarki da ake amfani da wani bugun jini na DC bugun jini, ta yadda da karfe bond na nika dabaran kamar yadda anode yana da anode. narkar da sakamako da kuma a hankali cire, sabõda haka, The abrasive hatsi da ba a shafa electrolysis protrude daga saman nika dabaran.Tare da ci gaba na tsarin electrolysis, wani Layer na fim din oxide tare da kaddarorin masu rufewa an kafa shi a hankali a saman motar nika, yana hana ci gaba da tsarin electrolysis.Lokacin da abrasive hatsi na nika dabaran ake sawa, da m fim Bayan da aka scraped kashe da workpiece, da electrolysis tsari ci gaba, da sake zagayowar fara sake, da nika dabaran ci gaba da ado da mataki na kan-line electrolysis don samun. tsayin tsayi mai tsayi na ƙyallen hatsi.
Siffofin Niƙa na ELID:
(1) Tsarin niƙa yana da kwanciyar hankali mai kyau;
(2) Wannan hanyar yin sutura tana hana ƙwanƙarar niƙa lu'u-lu'u daga lalacewa da sauri kuma yana inganta ƙimar amfani da kayan abrasives masu daraja;
(3) Hanyar gyare-gyare na ELID yana sa tsarin nika ya sami iko mai kyau;
(4) Yin amfani da hanyar niƙa ta ELID, yana da sauƙi a cimma niƙa na madubi, kuma yana iya rage raguwar ɓarna na abu mai wuya ya zama sassa na ƙasa.
16. Menene nika mai rarrafe?Gwada ka'idar canja wurin zafi mai zafi don bayyana lamarin cewa yanayin jinkirin niƙa na yau da kullun yana da ƙasa sosai amma yana da sauƙin ƙonewa ba zato ba tsammani.
Amsa: Ciyar Ciyar da Niƙa tana da sunaye da yawa a ƙasar Sin a baya, irin su niƙa mai ƙarfi, niƙa mai nauyi, niƙa, niƙa, da sauransu. ainihin sunan da yake yanzu ya kamata ya zama Ciyar da Ciki mai zurfi mai niƙa, yawanci ana magana da shi azaman jinkirin niƙa.Babban fasalin wannan tsari shine ƙarancin abinci, wanda shine kusan sau 10-3 zuwa 10-2 na niƙa na yau da kullun.Misali, saurin aiki na iya zama ƙasa da 0.2mm / s yayin niƙa saman, don haka ana kiran shi “slow” niƙa.Amma a daya bangaren, farkon zurfin yanke yana da girma, kusan sau 100 zuwa 1000 na niƙa na yau da kullun.Alal misali, iyaka zurfin yanke a cikin lebur nika iya isa 20 zuwa 30 mm.
Bisa ka'idar canja wurin zafi a fagen aikin injiniya na thermal, bayani ne na kimiyya game da yanayin jinkirin niƙa na yau da kullun yana da ƙasa sosai amma sau da yawa yana saurin ƙonewa.A lokacin jinkirin nika, yanayin dumama saman kayan aikin a cikin yankin arc da saman igiyar nickel mai zafi da aka nutsar a cikin tafkin ainihin iri ɗaya ne, kuma ruwan niƙa a cikin yankin arc shima yana da matsanancin zafi mai yawa qlim. wanda zai iya haifar da tafasar fim.Nika tana nufin niƙa zafin zafi q <> 120~130℃.
Wato, komai girman zurfin yankan yayin jinkirin niƙa, ko yana da 1mm, 10mm, 20mm ko 30mm, muddin yanayin jinkirin jinkirin na yau da kullun ya cika, yanayin zafin jiki na kayan aikin a cikin yankin arc zai kasance. bai wuce 120 ~ 130 ℃, wanda kuma shi ne dalilin da cewa jinkirin nika tsari ne daban-daban.Abũbuwan amfãni a kan talakawa nika.Koyaya, wannan fitaccen fa'idar fasaha ta jinkirin niƙa ana asara cikin sauƙi saboda yawan zafin da ya gudu.The nika zafi kwarara yawa q ba kawai yana da alaka da abubuwa da yawa kamar kayan kaddarorin da yankan adadin, amma kuma ya dogara da kaifi na nika surface.Muddin yanayin q ≥ qlim ya cika, saman kayan aikin da ke wurin arc zai ƙone ba zato ba tsammani saboda ruwan niƙa yana shiga yanayin tafasar fim..
17. Yadda za a gudanar da ci gaba da miya a creep feed nika?Menene fa'idodin ci gaba da sutura?
Amsa: Abin da ake kira ci gaba da tufafi yana nufin hanyar gyarawa da kuma kaifi motsin niƙa yayin niƙa.Tare da ci gaba da hanyar tufafi, kayan kwalliyar lu'u-lu'u koyaushe suna cikin hulɗa da dabaran niƙa.Domin gane da tsauri tsari na ci gaba da miya nika dabaran da kuma ci gaba da diyya a cikin nika tsari, na musamman ci gaba da miya nika dole ne a yi amfani da na'urar.A tsauri tsari na ci gaba da miya da aka nuna a Figure 2. The farko nika dabaran diamita ne ds1, da workpiece diamita ne dw1, da diamita na lu'u-lu'u miya abin nadi ne dr.Lokacin niƙa, idan radius na aikin ya ragu a cikin saurin vfr, saboda ci gaba da sutura, dabaran niƙa ya kamata a yanke cikin aikin niƙa a cikin saurin v2 = vfr + vfrd, kuma abin nadi ya kamata a yanka a cikin dabaran niƙa a cikin miya. gudun v1 = 2vfrd + vfr, don haka matsayin abin nadi da dabaran niƙa sun canza.Don haka, injin niƙa don ci gaba da tufafin ƙafafun niƙa dole ne su sami damar yin gyare-gyare masu dacewa ga waɗannan sigogin geometric.
Amfanin ci gaba da datsawa suna da yawa, kamar:
1) An rage lokacin niƙa, wanda yake daidai da lokacin sutura, wanda ke inganta aikin niƙa;
2) Tsawon nika mafi tsayi ba ya dogara da lalacewa na injin niƙa, amma akan tsayin niƙa na injin niƙa;
3) Ƙayyadaddun makamashi na niƙa yana raguwa, ƙarfin nika da zafi mai zafi yana raguwa, kuma tsarin nika yana da ƙarfi.
18. Menene niƙa bel?A taƙaice kwatanta abun da ke ciki da halaye na bel mai lalata.
Amsa: Abrasive bel nika ne mai tsari hanya don nika da motsi abrasive bel a lamba tare da workpiece a daidai lamba hanya bisa ga siffar workpiece.
Belin abrasive ya ƙunshi sassa uku: matrix, ɗaure da abrasive.Matrix shine goyon baya ga hatsi masu lalata kuma ana iya yin su da takarda, auduga da zaruruwan sinadarai.Abubuwan ɗaure da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da manne dabba, resin roba da haɗin biyun.Abubuwan ɗaure da aka saba amfani da su sun haɗa da manne dabba, resin roba da haɗin biyun.Manne dabba yana da ƙarancin juriya na zafi, ƙarancin haɗin gwiwa, kuma ba shi da juriya ga yashwar ruwa ta hanyar yanke ruwa, don haka ana iya amfani da shi kawai don bushewar niƙa;roba guduro daure yana da high bonding ƙarfi da kuma high lalacewa juriya, dace da masana'anta high-gudun Heavy wajibi bel.Abrasives don yin bel ɗin abrasive sune daidaitattun corundum, fari da chromium-dauke da corundum, corundum crystal guda ɗaya, aluminum oxide, zirconium dioxide, kore da baki silicon carbide, da dai sauransu.
19. Menene hanyoyin rarrabuwa na abrasive bel nika?Wadanne matsaloli ne ke faruwa a cikin niƙa bel?
Amsa: Dangane da hanyar niƙa, ana iya raba bel ɗin niƙa zuwa rufaffiyar bel ɗin nika da buɗe bel ɗin abrasive.Abrasive bel nika za a iya raba lamba dabaran irin, goyon bayan farantin irin, free lamba irin da free iyo lamba irin bisa ga lamba form tsakanin abrasive bel da workpiece.
Matsalolin da ke da wuyar faruwa a cikin niƙa bel: toshewa, mannewa, da lumshewa.Bugu da ƙari, bel ɗin abrasive sau da yawa yana bayyana karaya akai-akai, alamun sawa da sauran abubuwan mamaki yayin amfani.
20. Menene ultrasonic vibration nika?A taƙaice kwatanta inji da halaye na ultrasonic vibration nika.
Amsa: Ultrasonic nika ne mai tsari Hanyar cewa yana amfani da tilasta vibration na nika dabaran (ko workpiece) a cikin nika tsari.
Hanyar ultrasonic vibration nika: lokacin da magnetizing tushen wutar lantarki na ultrasonic janareta da aka fara, wani takamaiman ultrasonic mita halin yanzu da wani DC halin yanzu don maganadisu da ake kawota zuwa nickel magnetostrictive transducer, da kuma wani alternating ultrasonic mita Magnetic filin da Magnetic filin ana samar da. a cikin na'urar transducer.Filin maganadisu akai-akai yana ba mai transducer damar samar da makamashin jijjiga na inji mai tsayi na mita iri ɗaya, wanda ake ɗaukarsa zuwa ƙaho a lokaci guda, kuma ana ƙara girman girman zuwa ƙayyadaddun ƙima don tura sandar mai yanke resonant don yankan girgiza.Mai jujjuyawar, ƙaho, da sandar yanke duk suna cikin haɓaka tare da fitowar mitar ultrasonic ta janareta, suna samar da tsarin rawa, kuma tsayayyen batu yakamata ya kasance akan kumburin ƙaura.
Features: Ultrasonic nika iya ci gaba da abrasive hatsi kaifi da kuma hana guntu tarewa.Gabaɗaya, ƙarfin yankan yana raguwa da kashi 30% zuwa 60% idan aka kwatanta da niƙa na yau da kullun, ana rage yawan zafin jiki, kuma ana haɓaka ingantaccen aiki da sau 1 zuwa 4.Bugu da kari, ultrasonic vibration nika kuma yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga m tsarin, low cost, da kuma sauki popularization da aikace-aikace.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-30-2022