Ana rarraba zaren zuwa zaren haɗawa da zaren watsawa.Don haɗa zaren, manyan hanyoyin sarrafawa sune: taɗa, zare, juyawa, jujjuyawa da mirgina, da sauransu;don zaren watsawa, manyan hanyoyin sarrafawa sune: m-ƙara juyi-niƙa, whirl milling-m-finishing, da dai sauransu.
Ana iya samun amfani da ka'idar zaren zuwa 220 BC, lokacin da masanin Girka Archimedes ya ƙirƙira kayan aikin ɗaukar ruwa.A karni na 4 AD, an fara amfani da ka'idar kusoshi da goro a kan matsi da ake amfani da su wajen yin ruwan inabi a kasashen tekun Bahar Rum.A lokacin, zaren na waje ya raunata da igiya a kusa da sandar silinda, sa'an nan kuma an sassaƙa shi bisa ga wannan alamar, yayin da zaren na ciki yakan yi ta hanyar yin amfani da zaren waje tare da wani abu mai laushi.
Kusan 1500, a cikin zanen na'urar sarrafa zaren da Italiyanci Leonardo da Vinci ya zana, an ba da shawarar yin amfani da dunƙule mata da kayan musayar kayan aiki don sarrafa zaren tare da filaye daban-daban.Tun daga wannan lokacin, hanyar yanke zaren injina ta haɓaka a cikin masana'antar kera agogon Turai.
A shekara ta 1760, ’yan’uwan Biritaniya J. Wyatt da W. Wyatt sun sami takardar izinin yanke katako da na’ura ta musamman.A cikin 1778, ɗan Burtaniya J. Ramsden ya taɓa yin na'urar yankan zaren da wani nau'in tsutsotsin gear guda biyu ke tukawa, wanda zai iya sarrafa dogon zaren da madaidaicin gaske.A shekara ta 1797, Bature H. Maudsley ya yi amfani da dunƙule na mata da musayar kayan aiki don juya zaren ƙarfe na filaye daban-daban a kan lathe ɗin da ya inganta, kuma ya shimfiɗa ainihin hanyar juya zaren.
A cikin 1820s, Maudsley ya samar da famfo na farko kuma ya mutu don zaren.
A farkon karni na 20, ci gaban masana'antar kera motoci ya kara inganta daidaiton zaren da samar da ingantattun hanyoyin sarrafa zaren daban-daban.An ƙirƙira wasu kawunan mutuƙar buɗewa ta atomatik da kuma famfunan rage ta atomatik ɗaya bayan ɗaya, kuma an fara amfani da zaren niƙa.
A farkon 1930s, zaren niƙa ya bayyana.
Duk da cewa fasahar birgima da zaren an yi haƙƙin mallaka ne a farkon ƙarni na 19, saboda wahalar masana'antar ƙira, ci gaban ya kasance a hankali sosai har zuwa yakin duniya na biyu (1942-1945), saboda bukatun samar da makamai da haɓaka zaren niƙa. fasaha An sami ci gaba mai sauri ne kawai bayan warware madaidaicin matsalar masana'anta.
Kashi na farko: yanke zaren
Gabaɗaya yana nufin hanyar machining zaren a kan workpieces tare da kafa kayan aikin ko kayan aikin abrasive, yafi ciki har da juya, milling, tapping, zaren nika, nika da whirling yankan.Lokacin juyawa, niƙa da zaren niƙa, sarkar watsawa na kayan aikin injin yana tabbatar da cewa kayan aikin juyawa, abin yankan niƙa ko dabaran niƙa suna motsawa daidai kuma daidai da jagora ɗaya tare da axis na workpiece don kowane juyi na workpiece.Lokacin tapping ko threading, da kayan aiki (matsa ko mutu) da workpiece juya dangi da juna, da kuma kayan aiki (ko workpiece) aka shiryar da a baya kafa thread tsagi don matsawa axially.
01 Juya zare
Ana iya kunna zaren kunna lathe tare da ƙirƙirar kayan aikin juyawa ko tsefe zaren.Juya zaren tare da samar da kayan aiki na juyawa hanya ce ta gama gari don yanki ɗaya da ƙananan samar da kayan aikin da aka yi da zaren saboda tsarin kayan aiki mai sauƙi;juya zaren tare da zaren combing kayan aiki yana da babban samar da inganci, amma tsarin kayan aiki yana da rikitarwa kuma kawai ya dace da matsakaici da manyan samar da tsari.Juya gajeren zaren workpieces tare da m farar.Daidaiton farar lathes na yau da kullun don juya zaren trapezoidal gabaɗaya na iya kaiwa maki 8 zuwa 9 kawai (JB2886-81, iri ɗaya a ƙasa);mashin ɗin zaren akan lathes na musamman na zaren na iya inganta haɓaka aiki ko daidaito sosai.
02 Milling Thread
Yin niƙa tare da faifai ko mai yanke tsefe akan injin zare.
Ana amfani da masu yankan faifai musamman don niƙa zaren trapezoidal na waje akan kayan aiki kamar dunƙule da tsutsa.Ana amfani da abin yankan niƙa mai siffar combi don niƙa zaren gama gari na ciki da na waje da zaren da aka zare.Tun lokacin da aka niƙa shi da mai yankan niƙa da yawa kuma tsawon sashin aikinsa ya fi tsayin zaren da za a sarrafa, aikin aikin kawai yana buƙatar juyawa 1.25 zuwa 1.5 don sarrafa shi.Anyi tare da babban yawan aiki.Daidaiton farar niƙa na zaren na iya kaiwa gabaɗaya maki 8 zuwa 9, kuma ƙarancin saman shine R5 zuwa 0.63 microns.Wannan hanya ta dace da taro samar da threaded workpieces na general daidaici ko roughing kafin nika.
03 Niƙa zare
Ana amfani da shi galibi don aiwatar da madaidaicin zaren kayan aiki masu tauri akan injunan niƙa zaren.Bisa ga siffar giciye-sashe na nika dabaran, shi za a iya raba iri biyu: guda-line nika dabaran da Multi-line nika dabaran.Daidaiton farar da za a iya samu ta hanyar niƙa dabaran niƙa mai layi ɗaya shine maki 5 zuwa 6, kuma ƙaƙƙarfan saman shine R1.25 zuwa 0.08 microns, wanda ya fi dacewa don niƙa dabaran.Wannan hanya ta dace da niƙa madaidaicin sukurori, ma'aunin zaren, tsutsotsi, ƙananan batches na kayan aikin da aka yi da kayan aikin da taimako na niƙa madaidaicin hobs.Multi-line nika dabaran nika ne zuwa kashi a tsaye nika hanya da kuma plunge nika hanya.A cikin hanyar niƙa mai tsayi, faɗin dabaran niƙa ya fi tsayin zaren da za a niƙa, kuma injin niƙa yana motsawa sau ɗaya ko sau da yawa don niƙa zaren zuwa girman ƙarshe.Nisa daga cikin dabaran nika na hanyar niƙa plunge ya fi tsayin zaren da za a yi ƙasa.The nika dabaran da aka yanke a cikin saman workpiece radially, da workpiece iya zama ƙasa da kyau bayan 1.25 juyin juya halin.Yawan aiki yana da girma, amma daidaito yana ɗan ƙasa kaɗan, kuma miya ta dabaran ta fi rikitarwa.Nikawar plunge ya dace da niƙa manyan batches na famfo da kuma niƙa wasu zaren don ɗaurewa.
04 Niƙa zare
Nau'in goro-nau'in zaren niƙa an yi shi da abubuwa masu laushi irin su simintin ƙarfe, kuma ɓangaren zaren da aka sarrafa akan kayan aikin tare da kuskuren farar yana jujjuya kuma ƙasa a gaba da baya kwatance don inganta daidaiton farar. .Tauraren zaren ciki galibi ana ƙasa don kawar da nakasu da haɓaka daidaito.
05 Taɓawa da zaren zare
Tapping: Shi ne don dunƙule famfo a cikin rami da aka riga aka hakowa a kan aikin aiki tare da wani juzu'i don sarrafa zaren ciki.
Threading: Shi ne don yanke waje zaren a kan mashaya (ko bututu) workpiece tare da mutu.Daidaiton mashin ɗin bugun ko zaren ya dogara da daidaiton famfo ko mutu.
Ko da yake akwai hanyoyi da yawa don sarrafa zaren ciki da waje, ƙananan ƙananan zaren ciki za a iya sarrafa su ta hanyar famfo.Ana iya yin taɗawa da zare da hannu, haka kuma ta hanyar lathes, na'urar buƙatu, injuna da injin zare.
Kashi na biyu: zaren mirgina
Hanyar sarrafawa na lalata kayan aikin filastik tare da yin birgima mutu don samun zaren.Ana yin jujjuyawar zaren gaba ɗaya akan na'ura mai jujjuya zare ko lathe ta atomatik tare da buɗewa ta atomatik da zaren mirgina kai.Zaren waje don samar da yawa na daidaitattun maɗauran ɗamara da sauran abubuwan haɗin da aka haɗa.Diamita na waje na zaren da aka yi birgima gabaɗaya bai wuce mm 25 ba, tsayinsa bai wuce 100 mm ba, daidaiton zaren zai iya kaiwa matakin 2 (GB197-63), kuma diamita na blank ɗin da aka yi amfani da shi kusan daidai yake da farar. diamita na zaren da aka sarrafa.Juyawa gabaɗaya ba zai iya aiwatar da zaren ciki ba, amma don kayan aiki tare da kayan laushi, ana iya amfani da fam ɗin extrusion mara ƙarfi don fitar da zaren ciki mai sanyi (matsakaicin diamita na iya kaiwa kusan mm 30).Ka'idar aiki tana kama da na bugawa.Ƙunƙarar da ake buƙata don extrusion sanyi na zaren ciki shine kusan sau 1 ya fi girma fiye da tapping, kuma daidaiton machining da ingancin saman ya dan kadan sama da na tapping.
Amfanin birgimar zaren: ①Raunin saman ya fi na juyawa, niƙa da niƙa;② Ƙarfin da wuyar zaren zaren bayan mirgina za a iya inganta saboda aikin sanyi mai tsanani;③ Yawan amfani da kayan yana da yawa;④ Yawan aiki yana ninka sau biyu idan aka kwatanta da yankan, kuma yana da sauƙin gane aiki da kai;⑤ Rayuwar mirgina tana da tsayi sosai.Koyaya, zaren mirgina yana buƙatar cewa taurin kayan aikin bai wuce HRC40 ba;daidaiton ma'auni na blank yana da girma;daidaici da kauri na birgima suma suna da yawa, kuma yana da wahala a kera mutu;bai dace da zaren mirgina tare da siffar haƙori asymmetric ba.
Dangane da nau'in mirgina daban-daban, zaren mirgina za a iya raba iri biyu: zare rolling da zare rolling.
06 Fitar da zaren
An jera faranti guda biyu masu birgima tare da sifar haƙori mai zare a gaba da juna tare da farantin 1/2, an daidaita farantin a tsaye, kuma farantin mai motsi yana motsawa cikin motsi na madaidaiciya madaidaiciya daidai da farantin tsaye.Lokacin da aka aika da kayan aiki tsakanin faranti biyu, farantin motsi yana motsawa gaba kuma yana goge aikin don lalata saman don samar da zaren.
07 Fitar da zaren
Akwai nau'i uku na zaren radial rolling, tangential thread rolling da rolling head rolling.
① Radial thread mirgina: 2 (ko 3) thread mirgina ƙafafun tare da zaren profile an shigar a kan juna a layi daya shafts, da workpiece da aka sanya a kan goyon baya tsakanin biyu ƙafafun, da biyu ƙafafun juya a wannan gudun a cikin wannan shugabanci.Dabaran kuma yana yin motsin ciyarwar radial.The workpiece yana juya ta hanyar zaren mirgina dabaran, da kuma surface ne radially extruded don samar da zaren.Ga wasu skru na gubar waɗanda basa buƙatar daidaitattun daidaito, ana kuma iya amfani da irin wannan hanyar don yin nadi.
②Tangential zaren mirgina: Hakanan aka sani da mirgina zaren duniya, kayan aikin jujjuyawar ya ƙunshi dabaran jujjuyawar zaren tsakiya mai jujjuya da faranti mai siffa guda uku.A lokacin da zaren mirgina, da workpiece za a iya ci gaba da ciyar, don haka yawan aiki ya fi na zaren mirgina da radial thread mirgina.
③ Zaren mirgina kai: Ana yin shi akan lathe ta atomatik kuma ana amfani dashi gabaɗaya don sarrafa gajerun zaren akan kayan aikin.Akwai ƙafafu masu mirgina zare guda 3 zuwa 4 waɗanda aka rarraba daidai gwargwado akan gefen waje na kayan aikin a cikin mirgina kai.A lokacin zaren mirgina, workpiece yana jujjuya kuma mirgina kai yana ciyar da axially don mirgine aikin daga cikin zaren.
Farashin EDM08
Sarrafa zaren yau da kullun yana amfani da cibiyoyin injina ko kayan aiki da kayan aiki, kuma wani lokaci ana yin ta da hannu.Duk da haka, a wasu lokuta na musamman, hanyoyin da ke sama ba su da sauƙi don samun sakamako mai kyau na aiki, kamar buƙatar injin zaren bayan zafin jiki na sassa saboda sakaci, ko saboda matsalolin kayan aiki, kamar buƙatar matsawa kai tsaye a kan carbide. kayan aiki.A wannan lokacin, wajibi ne a yi la'akari da hanyar sarrafawa na EDM.
Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar mashin, tsarin EDM yana cikin tsari guda ɗaya, kuma rami na ƙasa yana buƙatar farawa da farko, kuma diamita na ramin ƙasa ya kamata a ƙayyade bisa ga yanayin aiki.Ana buƙatar na'urar lantarki zuwa siffar zaren, kuma wutar lantarki tana buƙatar iya jujjuya yayin aikin injin.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-06-2022