Game da tsarin niƙa, mafi mahimmancin tambayoyi da amsoshi 20 (1)

Mw1420 (1)

 

1. Menene niƙa?Yi ƙoƙarin faɗi nau'ikan niƙa da yawa.

Amsa: Nika hanya ce ta sarrafawa wacce ke kawar da wuce haddi na Layer a saman kayan aikin ta hanyar yanke aikin kayan aikin abrasive, ta yadda ingancin aikin aikin ya dace da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun.Siffofin niƙa na gama-gari yawanci sun haɗa da: niƙa na cylindrical, niƙa na ciki, niƙa mara ƙima, zaren niƙa, niƙa na kayan aikin lebur, da niƙa na sama.
2. Menene kayan aikin abrasive?Menene abun da ke cikin dabaran niƙa?Waɗanne abubuwa ne ke ƙayyade aikinsa?

Amsa: Duk kayan aikin da ake amfani da su don niƙa, niƙa da goge goge ana kiran su gaba ɗaya azaman kayan aikin abrasive, waɗanda akasarinsu an yi su ne da abrasives da ɗaure.
Nika ƙafafun sun hada da abrasive hatsi, binders da pores (wani lokacin ba tare da), da kuma aikin da aka yafi ƙaddara da dalilai kamar abrasives, barbashi size, binders, taurin da kuma kungiyar.
3. Menene nau'ikan abrasives?Lissafa abrasives da yawa da aka saba amfani da su.

Amsa: Abrasive yana da alhakin yanke aikin kai tsaye, kuma ya kamata ya kasance yana da tsayin daka, juriya na zafi da wasu tauri, kuma ya kamata ya iya samar da gefuna masu kaifi da sasanninta lokacin da aka karye.A halin yanzu, akwai nau'ikan abrasives iri uku da aka saba amfani da su wajen samarwa: oxide series, carbide series da high-hard abrasive series.Abrasives da aka fi amfani da su sune farin corundum, zirconium corundum, cubic boron carbide, lu'u-lu'u na roba, cubic boron nitride, da dai sauransu.
4. Menene nau'ikan lalacewa ta hanyar niƙa?Menene ma'anar tufatar da injin niƙa?

Amsa: Lalacewar dabaran niƙa ya ƙunshi matakai biyu: asara mai ɓarna da gazawar ƙafafun niƙa.Ana iya raba asarar hatsin da ke daɗaɗawa a saman ƙafafun niƙa zuwa nau'i daban-daban guda uku: ƙaddamar da ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar ƙwayar cuta.Tare da tsawaita lokacin aiki na dabaran niƙa, iyawar sa na raguwa a hankali, kuma a ƙarshe ba za a iya yin ƙasa akai-akai ba, kuma ba za a iya cimma daidaitattun machining da ingancin saman ba.A wannan lokacin, dabaran niƙa ta kasa.Akwai nau'i uku: dulling na aiki na dabaran nika, toshe saman aiki na dabaran nika, da kuma karkatar da kwane-kwane na dabaran nika.

 

Lokacin da injin niƙa ya ƙare, ana buƙatar sake yin suturar injin niƙa.Tufafi kalma ce ta gaba ɗaya don siffatawa da kaifi.Siffata ita ce sanya dabaran niƙa ta sami siffar geometric tare da takamaiman buƙatu;Sharpining shine a cire wakilin haɗin tsakanin hatsi na ƙonewa, saboda girman hatsi na gaba ɗaya (kusan girman hatsi na gaba ɗaya (kusan girman hatsi na gaba ɗaya (kusan girman hatsi na Janar .Ana yin siffa da kaifi na ƙafafun niƙa na yau da kullun a ɗaya;da siffata da kaifi na superabrasive nika ƙafafun gaba ɗaya sun rabu.Na farko shine don samun ingantacciyar juzu'in dabaran niƙa kuma na ƙarshe shine don haɓaka kaifin niƙa.
5. Menene siffofin nika motsi a cylindrical da surface nika?

Amsa: Lokacin niƙa da'irar waje da jirgin sama, motsin niƙa ya haɗa da nau'i huɗu: babban motsi, motsin ciyarwar radial, motsin ciyarwar axial da jujjuyawar aiki ko motsi na layi.
6. A taƙaice kwatanta tsarin niƙa na barbashi guda ɗaya.

Amsa: Tsarin nika na hatsi guda ɗaya mai ƙyalli ya kasu kusan zuwa matakai uku: zamewa, zura kwallo da yanke.

 

(1) Matakin zamewa: Yayin aikin niƙa, yanke kauri a hankali yana ƙaruwa daga sifili.A cikin zamiya mataki, saboda musamman kananan yankan kauri acg lokacin da abrasive yankan gefen da workpiece fara tuntuɓar, a lokacin da m da'irar radius rn> acg a saman kusurwar abrasive hatsi, da abrasive hatsi kawai zamewa a kan surface. na workpiece, kuma kawai samar da nakasawa na roba, babu kwakwalwan kwamfuta.

 

(2) Matsayin rubutun: tare da haɓaka zurfin kutsawa na ɓarna na ɓarna, matsa lamba tsakanin sassan abrasive da farfajiyar aikin a hankali yana ƙaruwa, kuma saman saman kuma yana canzawa daga nakasar roba zuwa nakasar filastik.A wannan lokacin, tashin hankali na extrusion yana da tsanani, kuma ana haifar da babban adadin zafi.Lokacin da aka yi zafi da ƙarfe zuwa maƙasudin mahimmanci, yanayin zafi na al'ada na al'ada ya wuce ƙarfin samar da kayan aiki mai mahimmanci, kuma ƙwanƙwasa ya fara yankewa a saman kayan.Slippage yana tura kayan duniya zuwa gaba da gefuna na hatsi na ƙonewa, yana haifar da hatsi na ƙonewa don ɗaukar grooves a saman kayan aikin, da kuma bulguna a ɓangarorin biyu na tsagi, da kuma bulguna a ɓangarorin grooves.Siffofin wannan matakin sune: kwararar filastik da kumbura suna faruwa a saman kayan, kuma ba za a iya samar da guntuwa ba saboda yankan kauri na barbashi ba ya kai ga mahimmancin ƙirar guntu.

 

(3) Matakin yankewa: Lokacin da zurfin kutse ya ƙaru zuwa ƙima mai mahimmanci, ɓangarorin da aka yanke a fili yana zamewa tare da ƙasa mai ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin extrusion na barbashi masu ɓarna, suna yin kwakwalwan kwamfuta don gudana tare da fuskar rake, wanda ake kira matakin yanke.
7. Yi amfani da bayani na JCJaeger don tantance yanayin zafin yankin niƙa a lokacin bushewar niƙa.

Amsa: Lokacin da ake niƙa, tsayin baka na lamba shima ƙanƙane saboda ƙaramin zurfin yanke.Don haka ana iya la'akari da shi azaman tushen zafi mai nau'in band wanda ke motsawa akan saman jiki mara iyaka.Wannan shine jigo na maganin JCJaeger.(a) Tushen zafi na saman a yankin niƙa (b) Tsarin daidaita yanayin tushen zafi a cikin motsi.

 

Yankin tuntuɓar baka AA¢B¢B shine tushen zafin bel, kuma ƙarfin dumamasa shine qm;Faɗinsa w yana da alaƙa da diamita na dabaran niƙa da zurfin niƙa.Za a iya ɗaukar tushen zafi AA¢B¢B azaman haɗin maɓuɓɓugan zafi na madaidaiciya marar ƙididdigewa dxi, ɗauki takamaiman tushen zafi dxi don bincike, ƙarfin zafinsa shine qmBdxi, kuma yana tafiya tare da hanyar X tare da saurin Vw.

 

8. Wadanne nau'ikan ƙonawar niƙa ne da matakan sarrafa su?

Amsa: Dangane da bayyanar konewa, ana samun ƙonawa gabaɗaya, konewar tabo, da konewar layi (layi yana ƙonewa a duk faɗin sashin).Dangane da yanayin canje-canjen microstructure na saman, akwai: ƙonewa mai zafi, ƙonewa, da ƙonewa.

 

A cikin aikin nika, babban dalilin konewa shine cewa yawan zafin jiki na yankin nika ya yi yawa.Don rage yawan zafin jiki na yankin niƙa, ana iya ɗaukar hanyoyi guda biyu don rage haɓakar haɓakar zafin niƙa da hanzarta canja wurin zafi mai niƙa.

Matakan sarrafa da ake ɗauka galibi:

 

(1) Madaidaicin zaɓi na adadin niƙa;

(2) Zaɓi dabaran niƙa daidai;

(3) Amfani mai ma'ana ta hanyoyin sanyaya

 

9. Menene niƙa mai sauri?Idan aka kwatanta da talakawa nika, menene halaye na high-gudun nika?

Amsa: Nika mai saurin gaske hanya ce ta tsari don haɓaka haɓakar niƙa da ingancin niƙa ta hanyar haɓaka saurin madaidaiciyar dabaran niƙa.Bambance-bambancen da ke tsakaninsa da niƙa na yau da kullun yana cikin babban saurin niƙa da ƙimar abinci, kuma ma'anar niƙa mai sauri yana ci gaba da lokaci.Kafin shekarun 1960, lokacin da gudun niƙa ya kai 50m/s, ana kiransa niƙa mai sauri.A cikin 1990s, matsakaicin gudun niƙa ya kai 500m/s.A aikace aikace, saurin niƙa sama da 100m/s ana kiransa niƙa mai sauri.

 

Idan aka kwatanta da niƙa na yau da kullun, niƙa mai sauri yana da halaye masu zuwa:

 

(1) A ƙarƙashin yanayin cewa duk sauran sigogi ana kiyaye su akai-akai, kawai haɓaka saurin injin niƙa zai haifar da raguwar kauri mai yankewa da raguwa daidai gwargwado da ke aiki akan kowane ƙwayar abrasive.

 

(2) Idan workpiece gudun ne ya karu a gwargwado ga nika dabaran gudun, da yankan kauri iya zama canzawa.A wannan yanayin, ƙarfin yankan da ke aiki akan kowane hatsi mai ɓarna da sakamakon niƙa ba ya canzawa.Babban fa'idar wannan shine adadin cire kayan yana ƙaruwa daidai gwargwado tare da ƙarfin niƙa iri ɗaya.

 

10. A taƙaice kwatanta buƙatun niƙa mai sauri don niƙa ƙafafun da kayan aikin injin.

Amsa: Ƙaƙƙarfan ƙafafun niƙa masu sauri dole ne su cika waɗannan buƙatu:

 

(1) Ƙarfin injin injin niƙa dole ne ya iya jure wa yankan ƙarfi yayin niƙa mai sauri;

 

(2) Amincewa da aminci yayin niƙa mai sauri;

 

(3) bayyanar da kaifi;

 

(4) Dole ne mai ɗaure ya sami juriya mai girma don rage lalacewa na dabaran niƙa.

 

Abubuwan buƙatu don niƙa mai sauri akan kayan aikin injin:

 

(1) Maɗaukakin maɗaukaki mai saurin gudu da ɗigon sa: Ƙaƙwalwar ƙwanƙwasa masu saurin gudu gabaɗaya suna amfani da ƙwallon ƙwallon ƙafa na kusurwa.Domin rage ɗumamar igiyar igiyar ruwa da kuma ƙara matsakaicin saurin igiya, galibin sabbin tsararrun igiyoyin lantarki masu saurin gudu ana shafa su da mai da iskar gas.

 

(2) Baya ga ayyuka na talakawa grinders, high-gudun grinders kuma bukatar saduwa da wadannan musamman bukatun: high tsauri daidaito, high damping, high vibration juriya da thermal kwanciyar hankali;sosai sarrafa kansa da kuma abin dogara nika tsari.

 

(3) Bayan saurin injin niƙa ya ƙaru, ƙarfin motsinsa shima yana ƙaruwa.Idan injin niƙa ya karye, tabbas zai haifar da lahani ga mutane da kayan aiki fiye da niƙa na yau da kullun.A saboda wannan dalili, ban da inganta ƙarfin injin niƙa kanta, na musamman Ƙarƙashin ƙafar ƙafa don niƙa mai sauri shine ma'auni mai mahimmanci don tabbatar da aminci.


Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-23-2022